The manufacturer makes no microbiological claims regarding Phoenix Gravity New Millennium Edition™ filter cartridges. Water whose microbiological safety is in doubt or which is suspected to be unsafe must be purified or treated using recognised EPA/CDC/WHO-approved disinfection methods (such as chlorination and boiling) before being filtered using Phoenix Gravity New Millennium Edition™ filter cartridges, in order to address any alleged non-biological contaminants that may be present in the water.