The manufacturer makes no microbiological claims regarding Phoenix Gravity New Millennium Edition™ filter cartridges. Water whose microbiological safety is questionable or suspected to be unsafe must be purified or treated using known EPA/CDC/WHO-approved disinfection methods (such as chlorination and boiling) before being filtered with Phoenix Gravity New Millennium Edition™ filter cartridges to address any claimed non-biological contaminants that may be present in the water.